Municipal solid waste landfill leachate induced cytotoxicity in root tips of Vicia faba: Environmental Risk posed by non-engineered landfill

Landfills are considered the main option for dumping of municipal solid waste (MSW) all over the world, but these landfills are mostly non-engineered. The decomposition of solid waste in the landfill and rainwater penetration into the decomposing waste produces leachate that contains dissolved organic and inorganic compounds, heavy metals, suspended particles, and hazardous substances. Leachate migration in the environment may pose serious health risks to organisms exposed. Hence, the present study explored the cytotoxic potential of landfill leachate collected in different seasons from the Okhla landfill site, Delhi, India. Cytotoxicity of leachate samples was evaluatedby cell apoptosis and ultrastructural observation based on Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) of the cells of root tips of vicia faba seedlings treated with the leachates collected in summer, winter and monsoon in a time and dose dependent manner. Leachate collected in all the three seasons induced apoptosis in cells of root tips of vicia faba that increased in a time and dose dependent manner when compared to control. The apoptosis was highest in the samples treated with leachate collected in the summer season, followed by winter and monsoon. It was further confirmed with TEM images that there was induction of apoptotic-like morphological changes in the root cells treated with landfill leachate when compared with the control. The present study indicates that municipal solid waste leachate is very toxic and it should be treated before disposing it to the environment.

Superficial Ulnar Artery Rerouted with Embryological Basis- A Case Report.

Variations in course of the arteries are well documented. Knowledge of the variation of the arterial system is important during vascular and reconstructive surgeries, in the evaluation of angiographic images. During routine anatomical dissection of upper limb ,of adult male cadaver of 55 years in Department of anatomy, SNMC, Agra, we came across a variant origin of the ulnar artery, instead of terminal division of brachial artery it arose from the brachial artery at its lower 1/3 part ,also it followed a superficial course. Brachial artery in the cubital fossa divided into radial artery and common interosseous artery, also the anterior and posterior ulnar recurrent branches arose from the common interosseous branch instead of ulnar artery. Knowledge of this variation is important for anatomist, embryologist, radiologists keep pace with new emerging variations, also for orthopaedicians, surgeons for planning appropriately operative procedures involving this region.

Perceptions and suggestions of 2nd professional MBBS students about their teaching and learning process: An analytical study.

Objectives : A questionnaire based analytical study was done to know the perceptions and suggestions of 2nd professional medical students about various aspects of their teaching and use them for improvement. Material & Methods : Study was conducted on 2nd professional students (n=150) using a structured validated questionnaire after approval from the Institutional Ethical Committee. Results : Students found pharmacology and pathology most relevant but difficult subjects. They found it difficult to synchronize and integrate the different subjects. They found tutorials and group discussions more useful than lectures and seminars and suggested to cut short the duration of the lecture. They advocated the judicious use of power point along with the conventional method of teaching. They wanted some multiple choice questions to be included in the tests and in the final exams. They wanted some sessions on career counseling and wished the effective implementation of the mentoring system. Conclusion: The suggestions obtained from the students, if addressed effectively, can improve their learning and produce better health care professionals.

Adenolipoma of the thyroid gland.

Thyrolipoma or adenolipoma of the thyroid gland is defined as a thyroid adenoma containing mature fat tissue. It is a rare encapsulated lesion. A case of a 35-year-old female presenting with swelling in the neck that was diagnosed as adenolipoma is described because of its extreme rarity.

Testicular granulosa cell tumor, adult type.

Granulosa cell tumor (GCT) of the adult type is a rare and slow-growing neoplasm in the testis. This tumor may be associated with endocrine manifestations and resemble classic GCT of the ovary morphologically. It has a potential for distant metastasis or recurrence late in the clinical course. We report a case of granulose cell tumor of the testis, adult type.

Prostatic stromal proliferation of uncertain malignant potential (PSPUMP): a case report.

Proliferative lesions of specialized prostatic stroma are rare with only few isolated case reports documented in literature. These lesions are histologically characterized by exuberant proliferation of prostatic stroma with variable number of normal and hyperplastic glands. Recently this group of tumors have been labeled as prostatic stromal proliferations of uncertain malignant potential (PSPUMP). We report a case of PSPUMP in a 72 years old male who underwent radical prostatectomy for a mass in pelvis. Based on histological appearance and immunohistochemistry, a diagnosis ofPSPUMP was made.

OEIS complex with major cardiac malformation: a case report.

OEIS Complex is a rare congenital multisystem defect that consists of omphalocele, exstrophy, imperforate anus and spinal defects. We report a case of such complex with additional major cardiac and other multisystem anomalies which are rarely described in literature. The authors give a review of literature on this infrequent complex along with a discussion on its pathogenesis, differential diagnosis and prenatal diagnosis.